Can Ozempic Cause Kidney Stones? Separating Myths from Facts
Ozempic (semaglutide) is not proven to directly cause kidney stones. Current evidence shows no direct link between Ozempic and kidney stones. Many myths come from comfusion with digestion changes and dehydration, which can indirectly increase kidney stone risk in some individuals due to nausea or vomiting.
Ozempic (semaglutide) is considered a safe diabetes treatment, without directly increasing the risk of kidney stones. It is FDA-approved to manage type 2 diabetes and can also be used off-label to support weight loss in overweight individuals. While its benefits for glycemic control are well known, concerns have emerged about its potential impact on kidney health. According to a study published by the CDC, approximately 1 in 3 diabetic adults may have chronic kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition where the kidneys lose function over time, and kidney stones are associated with CKD but are not considered a major risk factor for disease progression. Given the higher prevalence of CKD among those with diabetes, as per the CDC, it is crucial to explore the relationship between Ozempic and kidney stones. This guide explains whether Ozempic causes kidney stones or if this is just a myth.
Ozempic and Kidney Stones: What Does the FDA Say
When the FDA approved Ozempic in 2017, it initially highlighted common gastrointestinal adverse effects, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. While clinical trials have reported kidney-related issues with GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic (semaglutide), there was no direct warning about kidney stones. However, an indirect risk of semaglutide renal stones or acute kidney injury can occur if gastrointestinal symptoms lead to dehydration. Overall, the risk comes from dehydration, not from Ozempic itself.
The Link Between Dehydration, Ozempic, and Kidney Stones
Dehydration is a known risk factor for kidney stones. When you don’t drink enough, urine volume drops and becomes concentrated. This increases the likelihood that minerals will crystallize. This is the first step in stone formation. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), a division of NIH, lack of fluid intake is one of the most common causes of kidney stones. The CDC also underscores that inadequate water intake can cause dehydration, potentially leading to kidney stones.
Ozempic and kidney stones are not directly related, but certain Ozempic side effects may increase the risk in some individuals. Symptoms of dehydration may include:
- Dark urine
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Reduced urination
How Does Ozempic Work in Your Body?
Ozempic’s active ingredient, semaglutide, is a GLP-1 receptor agonist. It mimics a hormone your body naturally releases after eating. Its main effects are:
- Helping the pancreas release insulin
- Reducing sugar release from the liver
- Slowing digestion to curb hunger, causing weight loss in some individuals
- Helping with blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes
Does Ozempic Cause Kidney Problems?
On the contrary, the FDA has approved Ozempic (semaglutide) as an effective GLP-1 receptor agonist to date that has shown to reduce the chances of kidney disease progression and cardiovascular-related deaths in adults with type 2 diabetes and CKD. This approval is based on results from Novo Nordisk’s FLOW clinical trial, which suggests that Ozempic may help protect kidney function in people with type 2 diabetes, potentially reducing the risk of dehydration-related kidney stones.
The trial studied 3,533 adults with type 2 diabetes and CKD who received either 1 mg Ozempic once weekly or a placebo. People taking Ozempic showed a 24% lower risk of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death from cardiovascular causes. These results suggest that Ozempic can help slow the progression of kidney damage, a serious complication of long-term diabetes.
When used correctly and monitored by a healthcare provider, Ozempic is safe for the kidneys and may even offer long-term kidney protection for people living with type 2 diabetes.
How Long Does It Take Diabetes to Cause Kidney Damage?
Diabetic kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy) usually takes many years to develop (10–20 years or longer) due to poorly controlled blood sugar. It starts quietly, with few symptoms, and gradually damages the microscopic filters (nephrons) in your kidneys. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), about 40% of people with diabetes develop some form of long-term kidney damage, which may include dehydration-related kidney stones or kidney failure. While kidney stones can occur suddenly if the urine becomes concentrated, kidney damage is a long-term disease process. Seek medical attention if you notice any of these signs:
- Swelling in the feet, ankles, and face
- Fatigue
- Foamy urine
- Frequent urination
- Loss of appetite
- Itching
- Muscle cramps
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea
- Trouble concentrating
Note: For detailed information on the relation between Ozempic and kidney disease, consult your doctor to avoid any potential side effects.
Other Ozempic Side Effects to Watch Out For
Ozempic side effects may vary from person to person. Other than the risk of kidney damage, users should be aware of the risks associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic. Discontinue use and consult your physician if any of these side effects persist or worsen.
Common Ozempic Side Effects
| Side Effect | Description |
|---|---|
| Nausea | The most common side effect, especially when starting treatment |
| Vomiting | May occur during dose increases |
| Diarrhea | Usually temporary, but can lead to dehydration |
| Constipation | Caused by slower digestion |
| Abdominal pain | Mild to moderate stomach discomfort |
| Decreased appetite | Often contributes to weight loss |
| Indigestion | Feeling of fullness or bloating |
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Serious Ozempic Side Effects
| Side Effect | Description |
|---|---|
| Pancreatitis | Severe abdominal or stomach pain that may spread to the back |
| Gallbladder problems | Includes gallstones and gallbladder inflammation |
| Acute kidney injury | Often linked to dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea |
| Severe allergic reactions | Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or trouble breathing |
| Low blood sugar | Risk increases when used with insulin or sulfonylureas |
| Thyroid C-cell tumors | Seen in animal studies; human risk not confirmed |
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Who Is Most at Risk: Risk Factors for Kidney Stones While Taking Ozempic
While Ozempic does not directly cause kidney stones, certain factors can increase the risk of semaglutide renal stones. Some of the risk factors may include:
History of Kidney Stones
Individuals with a history of kidney stones are at increased risk of recurrent stones. Even mild dehydration from Ozempic’s gastrointestinal side effects can trigger stone formation.
Dehydration
GLP-1 receptor agonists can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, typically at the start of treatment. If this effect is persistent, stone formation can occur.
Pre-existing Kidney Disease
Individuals with CKD or reduced kidney function are highly likely to develop kidney stones. Dehydration or electrolyte imbalances may increase their risk. Consult your physician before starting treatment.
Other Medical Conditions
Diabetes increases the risk of kidney stones due to changes in urinary composition. Obesity or rapid weight loss can also increase the risk of stone formation.
How to Prevent Kidney Stones While Taking Semaglutide for Type 2 Diabetes?
If you’re taking Ozempic for type 2 diabetes, a few practical steps can help you use the medication safely while also protecting your kidney health.
- Aim for approximately 2.5–3 L of fluids per day, or enough to keep urine pale yellow.
- Monitor kidney-related symptoms, such as dark urine, lower back pain, persistent nausea or vomiting, and dizziness.
- Maintain a balanced diet. Avoid foods high in sodium and animal protein.
- Closely monitor your blood sugar, blood pressure, body weight, and kidney function.
Note: Always consult a doctor before starting treatment with Ozempic. Share your medical history and follow the exact Ozempic prescribing instructions as mentioned to eliminate the risk of potential side effects.
Safety Considerations
When taking Ozempic, it’s important to be aware of its safety profile.
Ozempic Boxed Warning
Ozempic carries an FDA boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumors based on animal studies. This risk has not been confirmed in humans, but caution is advised by doctors. Do not take Ozempic if you have a:
- History of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2)
Other Important Considerations
- Inform your doctor if you have existing CKD or are at risk of dehydration.
- While rare, users may experience serious side effects, such as pancreatitis, kidney issues, gallbladder problems, hypoglycemia, and severe allergic reactions.
- Avoid use if you have severe gastrointestinal disease.
- Those with a history of pancreatitis should discuss risks with a doctor.
Note: While Ozempic is generally safe when used as directed, it is best to start treatment after a detailed consultation with a doctor.
Final Verdict: Does Ozempic Increase Kidney Stone Risk?
Current evidence and FDA guidance show that Ozempic (semaglutide) does not directly cause kidney stones. Dehydration caused by side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea can make urine more concentrated and increase the chances of dehydration-related kidney stones. Clinical studies, including the FLOW trial, suggest that Ozempic may protect kidney function in individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. However, certain side effects may occur. Proper monitoring and following your doctor’s instructions can help manage the potential side effects.
Frequently Asked Questions
Ozempic is not FDA-approved for weight loss and does not directly cause kidney stones. However, semaglutide side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, can cause dehydration, which is a major risk factor for kidney stones.
Do not suddenly stop taking Ozempic if you get kidney stones. Discuss with your doctor first; they will review your kidney health, hydration status, and treatment plan before changing or stopping your treatment. Sudden discontinuation can affect your blood sugar levels.
Yes, you can take Ozempic if you have or have had kidney stones. Ensure to drink plenty of water because common Ozempic GI side effects can cause dehydration, which may increase the risk of semaglutide renal stones. It is best to consult your doctor before taking Ozempic for type 2 diabetes.
