Dapagliflozin

Dapagliflozin is a prescription medication used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of medicines called sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. This medication helps the kidneys remove excess glucose from the blood via urine, which lowers blood sugar levels and supports metabolic balance.

Key information about Dapagliflozin is summarized below:

Dapagliflozin tablets are prescribed for several conditions related to blood sugar, heart health, and kidney disease. They are as follows:

• Type 2 diabetes: Improves blood sugar control in adults and children aged 10 years and older when used with diet and exercise.
• Heart failure: It helps reduce the risk of hospitalization and cardiovascular death in adults with heart failure.
• Heart failure risk in type 2 diabetes: It lowers the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.
• Chronic kidney disease (CKD): Helps reduce the risk of worsening kidney function, cardiovascular death, end-stage kidney disease, and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with CKD.

Limitations of use:

• Not recommended for improving blood sugar control in type 1 diabetes
• Not recommended for improving glycemic control in adults with eGFR below 45 mL/min/1.73 m².
• Not recommended for CKD treatment in patients with polycystic kidney disease or recent immunosuppressive therapy.

Dapagliflozin tablets work in the kidneys to help remove excess glucose from the body.

• It inhibits the SGLT2 transporter in the proximal renal tubules.
• This reduces the reabsorption of filtered glucose back into the bloodstream.
• Increases the amount of glucose excreted through urine.
• Also reduces sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
• Increases sodium delivery to the distal tubule.

These effects help lower blood glucose levels and may contribute to benefits in heart and kidney function.

Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions when taking this medication. General guidelines include:

• Take the medication once daily by mouth.
• It may be taken with or without food.
• Take the dose at the same time each day for consistent results.
• Swallow the tablet with water.
• Follow your doctor’s advice regarding diet, exercise, and other diabetes medications.

Missed dose:

• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember.
• If it is close to your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule.
• Do not take two doses at the same time.

The appropriate dapagliflozin dosage depends on the condition being treated and the patient’s kidney function.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (adults and pediatric patients ≥10 years):

Heart failure and chronic kidney disease (adults):

There were no reports of overdose during clinical studies of Dapagliflozin tablets. Treatment should focus on supportive care based on the patient’s clinical condition. The removal of Dapagliflozin by hemodialysis has not been studied. If an overdose is suspected, seek immediate emergency medical help or contact a poison control center.

Like many medications, Dapagliflozin tablets may cause side effects in some patients. Some reactions may require medical attention.

Common Side Effects

Commonly reported side effects in adults include:

• Stuffy or runny nose and sore throat
• Yeast infections of the penis or vaginal yeast infections
• Increased urination or frequent urge to urinate

Rare or Serious Side Effects

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of the following:

• Diabetic ketoacidosis (high ketone levels in blood or urine)
• Severe allergic reactions such as breathing difficulty, swelling, or rash
• Serious urinary tract infections
• Small increases in LDL cholesterol levels may occur during treatment.
• Low blood sugar when used with insulin or other diabetes medicines
• Severe dehydration, dizziness, or fainting
• Necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum (a rare but serious genital infection)

This is not a complete list of side effects. Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice about adverse reactions. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or visit MedWatch.

While taking this medication, the following warnings and precautions should be considered:

• Diabetic ketoacidosis: Dapagliflozin tablets may increase the risk of ketoacidosis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical treatment.
• Volume depletion: Increased urination may cause dehydration, low blood pressure, or temporary kidney function changes.
• Serious urinary tract infections: Severe infections such as urosepsis or kidney infections have been reported.
• Acute kidney injury: Kidney function problems may occur in some patients, particularly those with dehydration or existing kidney disease.
• Hypoglycemia risk: The risk of low blood sugar may increase when used with insulin or sulfonylurea medications.
• Fournier’s gangrene: Rare but life-threatening infections of the genital or perineal area have been reported.
• Genital fungal infections: Yeast infections of the genital area may occur in some patients during treatment.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Dapagliflozin tablets are not recommended during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to potential risks to fetal kidney development. Limited data are available in pregnant women. Use is also not recommended while breastfeeding because it may affect kidney development in infants.

Dapagliflozin may interact with certain medications or laboratory tests that affect blood sugar control.

• Insulin or insulin-secretagogue medications: Using Dapagliflozin with insulin or sulfonylureas may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Dose adjustments may be required.
• Lithium: This medication may reduce blood lithium levels. Healthcare providers may monitor lithium concentrations during treatment.
• Urine glucose tests: These tests measure urinary glucose excretion, which can produce positive urine glucose results.
• 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) assay: This laboratory test may not accurately reflect blood sugar control in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors.

Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all supplements, over-the-counter drugs, and prescription medications they use before starting Dapagliflozin tablets.

Depending on the patient’s condition and treatment response, healthcare providers may consider other medications from the same class.

These medications belong to the same SGLT2 inhibitor class as dapagliflozin and work similarly to help lower blood sugar levels while also supporting heart and kidney health. Brand availability may vary depending on location and pharmacy supply. A healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate option based on the patient’s symptoms and treatment response.

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All Dapagliflozin orders require a valid prescription. Medications are dispensed by licensed pharmacies that comply with applicable pharmacy regulations and safety standards.

• https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3aba33aa-f8c6-4b10-85c8-dfa14578d07c