Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

Hydroxychloroquine is an FDA-approved antimalarial medication containing Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate. It is sold under the name Hqtor and is primarily used to treat malaria. It is also used for treating rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It works by moderating immune system cell communication and reducing inflammation. Hydroxychloroquine is available in tablet form with a strength of 200 milligrams. It is taken orally, either with or after meals. A healthcare provider must adjust the dosage. Those with medical conditions of the liver or kidney need to be cautious. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, lightheadedness, and headaches. Severe effects like vision changes or cardiac arrhythmias warrant immediate medical attention. Missed doses should be taken promptly unless near the next scheduled dose; avoiding doubling up. Store it at room temperature, away from light and moisture. You should adhere to your healthcare provider’s instructions for safe use.

Hydroxychloroquine is an FDA-approved prescription medication that contains the active ingredient Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate. It belongs to a class of drug antimalarials and is also sold under the name Hqtor. It was initially approved for the treatment of malaria. It is also prescribed for autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It works by interfering with the communication between cells of the immune system, thereby dampening the inflammatory response responsible for the symptoms of these conditions.

Hydroxychloroquine is available in tablet form with a single strength of 200 milligrams. Dosage adjustments should be made under the guidance of your healthcare provider. It is usually taken orally with or after meals to minimize stomach upset. It should be used with caution in those with certain medical conditions like liver or kidney disease, as well as in pregnant or breastfeeding women.

Common side effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea, diarrhea, or stomach cramps, as well as headaches and dizziness. Serious side effects such as retinal damage leading to vision changes or cardiac arrhythmias require immediate medical attention. You should report any unusual symptoms promptly to your healthcare professional.

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it’s close to the next scheduled dose. However, doubling up on doses should be avoided. It should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture. You should follow your healthcare provider’s guidance regarding the safe and effective use of Hydroxychloroquine.

It is used for the treatment of:

• Malaria
• Autoimmune Conditions (Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus)

Strengths and Forms

It is available in tablet form and has a strength of 200 milligrams.

Recommended Dosage for Hydroxychloroquine

For Adults with Acute Malaria:

• The Initial dose is 800 mg, followed by 400 mg almost 6-8 hours later
• After that, the recommended dose is 400 mg for each of the succeeding 2 days.

For Children with Acute Malaria:

• The initial dose is 13 mg/kg.
• It is followed by 6.5 mg/kg almost 6 hours later
• Repeat doses are advised on the second and third days.

For Adults with Prophylaxis of Malaria:

• The typical recommended dose is 400 mg weekly, starting two weeks before exposure
• Continue the same dose for 4-6 weeks.

For Children with Prophylaxis of Malaria:

• The typical recommended dose is 6.5 mg/kg once weekly.
• The max dose is 400 mg/dose.

For Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:

• The Initial dose is 400 mg daily in divided doses.
• The maintenance dose is 200-400 mg daily.
• The maximum dose is 6.5 mg/kg daily or 400 mg daily, whichever is less.

For Children with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:

• The recommended dose is up to 6.5 mg/kg daily or 400 mg daily, whichever is less.
• The lowest effective dose should be used.

[Note: Remember, these recommendations may vary from person to person. Discuss it with your doctor, and they’ll customize your Hqtor 200 mg dosage accordingly.]

• ake Hydroxychloroquine tablets exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
• Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water.
• You can take it with or without food, but consistency is essential.
• Refrain from crushing, munching, or splitting the tablet unless advised by your doctor.
• Follow the dosing schedule provided by your healthcare provider.

[Note: Your doctor will decide the right amount for you based on your condition, following guidelines and studies on the drug. They’ll adjust it as needed over time.]

Hydroxychloroquine works through a multi-step process to modulate immune responses. Firstly, it infiltrates the lysosomes within antigen-presenting cells (APCs), elevating the lysosomal pH and impeding the processing of antigens, which are substances initiating immune responses. This hinders the presentation of antigens to T cells, leading to reduced T cell activation.

Additionally, Hydroxychloroquine inhibits the production of crucial immune response signaling molecules or cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). It further decreases the recruitment of inflammatory cells to inflammation sites and inhibits the production of autoantibodies, which typically attack the body’s tissues.

Common side effects of Hydroxychloroquine tablets may include:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Upset stomach

Mild side effects of Hydroxychloroquine tablets may include:

• Gastrointestinal discomfort
• Temporary changes in taste perception
• Mild drowsiness

Adverse side effects of Hydroxychloroquine tablets may include:

• Allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or swelling
• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Irregular heartbeat
• Difficulty breathing
• Persistent or severe gastrointestinal issues
• Unusual bleeding or bruising

[Note: Remember, this list may not cover all possible side effects of Hydroxychloroquine tablets. Always consult with your healthcare giver for medical advice about side effects.]

Allergic Reactions: Individuals with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to Hydroxychloroquine or similar medications should exercise caution. Signs of an allergic reaction include:

• Rash
• Itching
• Swelling
• Severe dizziness
• Trouble breathing.

Immediate medical attention is necessary if any of these symptoms occur.

Liver Function: Hydroxychloroquine can impact liver function. Patients with pre-existing liver conditions or those taking other medications known to affect the liver should undergo regular monitoring. Symptoms of liver problems include:

• Yellowing of the skin and eyes
• Dark urine
• Persistent nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain

Kidney Function: Hydroxychloroquine may also affect kidney function. Patients with renal impairment or a history of kidney disease require close monitoring. Any signs of kidney problems, such as:

• Changes in urination patterns
• Swelling in the extremities
• Flank pain

These symptoms should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider.

Blood Disorders: Hydroxychloroquine can potentially lead to blood disorders such as agranulocytosis or aplastic anemia, though rare. These conditions lead to symptoms like:

• Persistent fever
• Sore throat
• Easy bruising
• Bleeding
• Unusual fatigue

Gastrointestinal Effects: Hydroxychloroquine may cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal discomfort

Taking medication with food or antacids can help alleviate these symptoms.

Photosensitivity: Some individuals may experience increased sensitivity to sunlight or UV rays while taking Hydroxychloroquine. Sunscreen and protective clothing are recommended when exposed to sunlight for prolonged periods.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Hydroxychloroquine should be used with special caution during pregnancy, particularly during the first trimester, unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional regarding the use of Hydroxychloroquine while pregnant or breastfeeding.

Psychiatric Effects: Hydroxychloroquine may rarely cause psychiatric side effects such as:

• Hallucinations
• Agitation
• Confusion

Patients experiencing such symptoms should seek medical attention promptly.

Driving and Operating Machinery: Hydroxychloroquine may cause dizziness or drowsiness in some individuals. Caution should be exercised when driving or operating machinery until the individual’s response to the medication is known.

• Inform your healthcare provider about any allergies you have, especially to medications similar to Hydroxychloroquine.
• Disclose your medical history, particularly any liver or kidney problems you have had in the past.
• Let your healthcare provider know about all medications, supplements, or herbal products you are currently taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Take the medication exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not alter the dosage or stop taking it without consulting them first.
• If you experience any unusual symptoms, such as persistent nausea, vomiting, or changes in urination patterns, inform your healthcare provider promptly.
• Protect yourself from excessive sun exposure and wear sunscreen and protective clothing while outdoors, as Hydroxychloroquine may increase sensitivity to sunlight.
• Avoid drinking alcohol while taking Hydroxychloroquine, as it may exacerbate specific side effects and increase the risk of liver damage.
• Be cautious when driving or operating machinery, especially during the initial stages of treatment, as Hydroxychloroquine may cause dizziness or drowsiness in some individuals.
• Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to discuss your progress and any concerns you may have regarding the medication.

Other Important Precautions

• Consult your healthcare provider before using Hydroxychloroquine, as its safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well-established.
• Use effective contraception during treatment with Hydroxychloroquine if you are of childbearing age, and discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.

• If you are allergic to Hydroxychloroquine or any of its ingredients.
• If you have an eye condition “maculopathy”.
• If you have a liver disease.
• If you have heart-related issues.

If you forget to take a dose of Hydroxychloroquine tablet, take it as soon as you recall. However, if it’s near the time for your next dose, skip the missed one and resume your usual dosing regimen. Avoid taking a double dose to compensate for the missed one.

[Note: If you have missed a dose of your medication and are still determining when to take the next one, immediately consult your doctor or pharmacist.]

Symptoms of overdose may include:

• Severe dizziness
• Fainting
• Irregular heartbeat
• Difficulty breathing

[Note: If you consumed more than the recommended dose, get medical help right away or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.]

• Hydroxychloroquine should be stored below 30°C.
• It is essential to keep the medication away from children and pets.
• Do not use any expired or damaged medicine.
• Dispose of the unused medicine correctly.
• Avoid flushing it in the toilet or throwing it into the drain.

[Note: Discuss with your healthcare professional about the proper disposal of any unused medicine and any questions you may have regarding its storage.]

Here are the drugs that interact with Hydroxychloroquine:

• Mefloquine
• Ciclosporin
• Praziquantel
• Famotidine
• Cimetidine
• Ranitidine
• Omeprazole
• Esomeprazole
• Lansoprazole
• Doxycycline
• Tetracycline
• Chloroquine
• Hydroxychloroquine
• Quinine
• Metronidazole

[Note: This isn’t a complete list, and there could be other drugs that interact with Hqtor 200 mg tablets. Make sure to tell your doctor about any prescription, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal products you’re taking.]

• Advil (ibuprofen)
• Motrin (ibuprofen)
• Aleve (naproxen)
• Voltaren (diclofenac)
• Celebrex (celecoxib)
• Mobic (meloxicam)
• Orudis (ketoprofen)
• Indocin (indomethacin)
• Feldene (piroxicam)

[Note: Your doctor will choose the best Hydroxychloroquine alternative for you. Only use any of these alternative medications after consulting your healthcare provider. Taking them by yourself may cause serious side effects.]

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