Olmesartan

Olmesartan is a prescription medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), either alone or with other medications. Belonging to a class of drugs known as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), it works by relaxing blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more easily and lowering overall blood pressure. This helps reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney issues over time.

Available in tablet form (5 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg), Olmesartan is typically taken once daily, with or without food. Your doctor may adjust the dose depending on your age, kidney function, or response to treatment. While generally well tolerated, side effects may include dizziness, headache, flu-like symptoms, or more rarely, kidney or liver problems. It’s crucial not to use Olmesartan during pregnancy, as it can cause serious harm to an unborn baby.

To get the most benefit, take it consistently and follow a healthy lifestyle. If Olmesartan doesn’t suit you, other ARBs, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes.

• Lower high blood pressure (hypertension)

Benefits of Olmesartan

• Reduces the risk of stroke and heart attack
• Protects the kidneys, especially in patients with diabetes
• Improves blood flow by relaxing blood vessels

What Are the Forms & Strengths of Olmesartan?

Olmesartan comes as oral tablets in the following strengths:

• 5 mg
• 20 mg
• 40 mg

What Is the Recommended Dosage for Olmesartan?

Dosage of Olmesartan for Hypertension

• Adults (ages 17–64 years):
  • Starting dose: Usually 20 mg once daily.
  • After 2 weeks, your doctor may increase the dose up to 40 mg if needed.
• Children (ages 6–16 years):
  • For children weighing 20–35 kg (44–77 pounds): 10 mg once daily.
  • For children weighing more than 35 kg (77 pounds or more): 20 mg once daily.
  • After 2 weeks, your doctor may increase the dose to 20 mg or 40 mg, depending on the initial dose.
• Children under 6 years: Olmesartan is not recommended for children younger than 6 years and should not be used in children under 1 year.
• Seniors (65 years and older): There are no specific dosing guidelines for older adults. Seniors may process the drug more slowly, so a lower dose or adjusted schedule might be necessary.
• Special Dosage Notes:
  • If your child has difficulty swallowing tablets, a pharmacist can prepare an oral suspension from the tablets.
  • If you have conditions that reduce your body’s fluid levels (such as taking daily diuretics or undergoing dialysis), your doctor may start you on a lower dose.
  • Your race may affect how well Olmesartan works for you; discuss this with your doctor.

[Note: Remember, these recommendations may vary from person to person. Discuss it with your doctor, and they'll customize your dosage accordingly.]

• Follow Your Doctor’s Prescription: Always take Olmesartan exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not adjust the dose or frequency without consulting your doctor.
• Dosage and Timing: Olmesartan is usually taken once daily. Take the medication at the same time every day to maintain consistent levels in your body.
• Method of Administration: Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water. Do not crush, chew, or break the tablet unless your doctor advises otherwise.
• With or Without Food: Olmesartan can be taken with or without food. However, if you experience stomach upset, try taking it with food to reduce discomfort.
• Consistency is Key: Take Olmesartan regularly to achieve the best results. Do not stop the medication without consulting your healthcare provider, even if you feel well.
• Consult Your Doctor: If you experience any unusual side effects or symptoms, or if you have questions about your medication, contact your healthcare provider promptly.

[Note: Your doctor will decide the right amount for you based on your condition, following guidelines and studies on the drug. They'll adjust it as needed over time.]

Olmesartan is part of a group of medications called angiotensin receptor blockers, or ARBs. These drugs work in similar ways to help treat conditions like high blood pressure. Olmesartan works by blocking a natural chemical in your body called angiotensin II, which normally makes your blood vessels tighten and narrow. By stopping this action, Olmesartan helps your blood vessels relax and widen, making it easier for blood to flow through. This relaxation lowers your blood pressure and reduces the strain on your heart, helping to protect your overall cardiovascular health.

More common side effects: The more common side effects that occur with Olmesartan include:

• Back pain: You might feel some discomfort or soreness in your back. This usually isn’t serious but if it lasts or worsens, let your doctor know.
• Bronchitis: This is an inflammation of the airways in your lungs, causing cough and mucus. It often improves with rest and fluids, but see your doctor if symptoms get worse.
• Diarrhea: Loose or frequent stools can happen. Make sure to stay hydrated and eat light foods. If it continues for several days, contact your healthcare provider.
• Headache: Mild headaches can occur but usually go away on their own. If headaches become severe or persistent, speak with your doctor.
• Blood in your urine: This can be alarming. Even small amounts should be reported to your doctor promptly for further evaluation.
• High blood sugar: Olmesartan can sometimes affect blood sugar levels. If you notice symptoms like increased thirst or frequent urination, get your blood sugar checked.
• High triglycerides: These are fats in your blood that may increase. Your doctor may monitor this with blood tests.
• Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and body aches: You might feel generally unwell, similar to having the flu. Rest and fluids usually help, but contact your doctor if symptoms worsen.
• Sore throat, runny nose, and sinus infection: These cold-like symptoms are common and often improve on their own, but if they persist or worsen, seek medical advice.

Serious side effects: Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:

• Serious allergic reaction. Symptoms can include:
  • Swelling of your face, lips, throat, or tongue: This can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing, which is an emergency. If you notice this, seek immediate medical help.
• Low blood pressure (hypotension). Symptoms can include:
  • Faintness or dizziness: This happens if your blood pressure drops too low. To help, sit or lie down immediately if you feel dizzy. Avoid sudden movements and inform your doctor, who may adjust your medication.
• Liver problems. Symptoms can include:
  • Nausea: Feeling sick to your stomach.
  • Pain in the right upper part of your stomach: This could mean your liver is affected.
  • Yellowing of the whites of your eyes and your skin (jaundice): This is a clear sign to get urgent medical advice.
  • Itchy skin: Persistent itchiness may also suggest liver issues. If you experience these symptoms, stop the medication and contact your healthcare provider immediately.
• Kidney problems. Symptoms can include:
  • Swelling of your feet, ankles, or hands: This may indicate your kidneys aren’t working properly.
  • Weight gain: Sudden weight gain can be a sign of fluid retention related to kidney problems.

[Note: Remember, this list may not cover all possible side effects. Always consult with your healthcare giver for medical advice about side effects.]

FDA Warning: Do Not Use During Pregnancy

Olmesartan has a black box warning, the FDA’s strongest warning. Do not use this medicine if you are pregnant. It can seriously harm or even end a pregnancy.

• If you become pregnant while taking it, stop immediately and call your doctor.
• Planning to get pregnant: Talk to your doctor about safer options for managing blood pressure.

Warnings for People with Health Conditions

• Active Renin-Angiotensin System: If you have heart failure, narrow arteries in the kidneys (renal artery stenosis), or low blood pressure, your body’s renin-angiotensin system is already active. Taking Olmesartan in this state can cause serious kidney damage.
• Diabetes: Taking high doses of Olmesartan may increase the risk of heart problems or death in people with diabetes. Also, avoid this medicine if you’re taking aliskiren for blood pressure.

Warnings for Other Groups

• Pregnant Women: Olmesartan is not safe during pregnancy (Category D).
  • It can harm your baby and should only be used in life-threatening situations for the mother.
  • If you’re pregnant or planning to be, ask your doctor about the risks and safer alternatives.
  • If you become pregnant while on this medicine, stop taking it and call your doctor right away.
• Breastfeeding Women: It’s not clear if Olmesartan passes into breast milk. If you’re breastfeeding, talk to your doctor, you may need to choose between stopping the medication or stopping breastfeeding.
• Older Adults: Seniors may process this drug more slowly, leading to higher levels in the body. Your doctor may need to adjust your dose or monitor you more closely.
• Children: Olmesartan is not approved for children under 1 year old and hasn’t been studied in children under 6. It should not be used in these age groups.

Other Warnings

• Low Blood Pressure: Olmesartan can cause your blood pressure to drop too low, especially if you’re dehydrated or taking water pills (diuretics). This may make you feel dizzy, lightheaded, or give you a headache.
• Kidney Damage: If your fluid levels are low (from dehydration, low-salt diet, or heart/kidney issues), Olmesartan can harm your kidneys. Your doctor will guide you on how to stay safe.
• Long-Term Diarrhea and Weight Loss: Using Olmesartan for many months or years may cause severe, long-lasting diarrhea and weight loss. If you have ongoing stomach issues and your doctor can’t find another cause, stopping the medication may be necessary.
• Allergy Warning: Olmesartan can cause a serious allergic reaction. Get emergency help (call 911 or go to the ER) if you notice:
  • Trouble breathing
  • Swelling in your throat or tongue
  • Hives

Below are the key things you should know before and during the use of Olmesartan:

• Let your doctor know if you’re allergic: Before starting Olmesartan, inform your doctor if you’re allergic to it or any other medications. Always mention any history of severe allergic reactions.
• Share your medical history: Be sure to tell your doctor if you have or had any of the following:
  • Kidney disease
  • Liver problems
  • Heart conditions
  • Dehydration
  • Diabetes
  • If you’ve recently had severe vomiting or diarrhoea
• Avoid using it during pregnancy: Olmesartan can harm an unborn baby, especially in the second and third trimesters. Let your doctor know if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant. If you find out you're pregnant while using it, stop the medication and contact your doctor immediately.
• Not recommended while breastfeeding: It’s best to avoid taking Olmesartan while breastfeeding, as it may pass into breast milk and affect the baby.
• Check your blood pressure regularly: Monitoring your blood pressure helps track how well the medication is working. Your doctor might also suggest regular blood tests to check kidney function and electrolyte levels.
• Be cautious if you’re also taking diuretics (water pills): Taking Olmesartan with diuretics may increase the risk of low blood pressure, dizziness, or fainting. If you feel lightheaded, sit or lie down and tell your doctor.
• Watch out for signs of high potassium: Olmesartan can sometimes raise potassium levels in your blood. Let your doctor know if you experience symptoms like muscle weakness, slow heartbeat, or confusion.
• Limit alcohol intake: Drinking alcohol may increase the risk of dizziness or fainting while on Olmesartan. Try to limit how much you drink, especially when starting the medication.
• Stand up slowly: To prevent dizziness or lightheadedness, especially after sitting or lying down for a while, rise slowly. This is particularly important in the early stages of treatment.
• Tell all healthcare providers you're using Olmesartan: Before any surgery, dental work, or new medication, let your healthcare providers know you’re on Olmesartan. It may affect how your body reacts during certain procedures or with other medicines.

• If you don’t take your dose at all: This medicine helps lower high blood pressure, which protects your heart and reduces your risk of stroke. Skipping it completely can increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke.
• If you miss a dose or don’t take it on time: Your blood pressure may stay high or even get worse. This can raise your risk of serious heart problems.
• What to do if you forget a dose: Take it as soon as you remember. But if it’s almost time for your next dose, just wait and take only one dose at that time.

[Note: If you have missed a dose of your medication and are unsure about when to take the next one, immediately consult your doctor or pharmacist.]

If you take too much of Olmesartan you may experience:

• Unusual tiredness or weakness
• Dizziness or light-headedness
• Slow or pounding heartbeat

If you think you've taken more than you should, call your doctor or local poison control center. If symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.

[Note: If you consumed more than the recommended dose, get medical help right away or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.]

• Store the medicine at room temperature, between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).
• Do not freeze the medicine.
• Keep it in a dry, cool place and away from direct sunlight.
• Avoid storing it in damp areas like bathrooms.

[Note: Discuss with your healthcare professional about the proper disposal of any unused medicine and any questions you may have regarding its storage.]

Here are some common drugs that may interact with Olmesartan and what you need to know about them:

• Bipolar Disorder Medication: Taking lithium with Olmesartan may cause lithium to build up too much in your body, which can be dangerous. Your doctor may need to adjust your dose or monitor your lithium levels closely if you're on both.
  • Example: lithium
• Other Blood Pressure Medications: Using these along with Olmesartan can raise your risk of side effects like high potassium levels, kidney issues, or very low blood pressure. If you need to take them together, your doctor will monitor your blood pressure, potassium, and kidney function carefully.
  • Examples include:
    • Aliskiren
    • Other ARBs like losartan, valsartan, telmisartan
    • ACE inhibitors like captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
• Pain Relievers (NSAIDs): NSAIDs, often used for pain or inflammation, may reduce the effectiveness of Olmesartan. They can also increase your risk of kidney damage, especially if you're older, dehydrated, taking a diuretic, or already have kidney problems.
  • Examples include: ibuprofen, naproxen
• Colesevelam (Used for Cholesterol and Diabetes): Colesevelam can block your body from properly absorbing Olmesartan, making it less effective. If you take both, it’s best to take Olmesartan at least 4 hours before colesevelam.

What Are the Other Olmesartan Interactions?

Here are the other interactions of Olmersartan:

• Food Interactions:
  • Low-sodium, heart-healthy diet recommended
  • Avoid salt substitutes containing potassium
• Limit or avoid alcohol: Alcohol can enhance the blood pressure-lowering effects of Olmesartan, which may lead to dizziness, fainting, or feeling lightheaded, especially when standing up. If you drink, do so in moderation and watch how your body reacts.
• Dietary Supplements, Herbs, and Vitamins:
  • Potassium supplements or multivitamins with potassium
  • Calcium or magnesium supplements
  • Herbs like licorice (especially black licorice)
  • Hawthorn and ginseng
  • St. John’s Wort
• Lab Test Interactions: Olmesartan doesn’t usually interfere with lab tests, but certain lab values may change during treatment. Your doctor may monitor these regularly:
  • Serum potassium: As mentioned, Olmesartan can raise potassium levels, so this is checked regularly.
  • Kidney function tests (creatinine and BUN): Kidney function may be affected, especially if you're also taking diuretics or have pre-existing kidney issues. Regular monitoring is recommended.
  • Blood pressure readings: Always mention you’re on Olmesartan when getting BP checked, especially if it’s done manually.
• Vaccines: Olmesartan doesn’t interfere with vaccines or reduce their effectiveness.

[Note: This isn't a complete list, and there could be other drugs that interact with Olmesartan. Make sure to tell your doctor about any prescription, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal products you’re taking.]

Here are some trusted alternatives to Olmesartan, listed in the proper format and grouped by drug type:

Other ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers)

• Diovan (valsartan)
• Cozaar (losartan)
• Avapro (irbesartan)
• Benicar HCT (olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide)
• Micardis (telmisartan)
• Teveten (eprosartan)
• Edarbi (azilsartan medoxomil)

ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)

• Zestril (lisinopril)
• Altace (ramipril)
• Vasotec (enalapril)

Other Medication Classes That May Be Used Instead

• Calcium Channel Blockers:
  • Norvasc (amlodipine)
  • Cardizem (diltiazem)
• Thiazide Diuretics:
  • Microzide (hydrochlorothiazide)
  • Zaroxolyn (metolazone)

[Note: Your doctor will choose what’s best for you. Don’t use any of these alternative medications without consulting your healthcare provider. Taking them by yourself may cause serious side effects.]

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