Sustained Release

Theophylline SR 

Theophylline SR (Sustained Release) is a bronchodilator commonly used to manage chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, bronchitis, and emphysema. It relaxes the muscles around the airways, improves airflow, and reduces symptoms like shortness of breath. Available in various strengths, Theophylline SR requires careful dosing and regular monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index & potential interactions with other medications. Side effects may include nausea, insomnia, and increased heart rate, with more severe risks like seizures and arrhythmias in cases of overdose. It’s essential to store Theophylline SR properly at room temperature, away from moisture and light, and to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions closely for safe use. Alternative treatments, such as inhalers like Singulair, Spiriva, and Symbicort, may be considered based on individual patient needs.

Product Overview

Theophylline SR (Sustained Release) is a medication primarily used to manage chronic respiratory conditions, for instance, asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), bronchitis & emphysema. It works by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and airways, improving breathing by increasing airflow and reducing inflammation. Theophylline SR comes in tablet and capsule forms with varying strengths (100 mg to 600 mg), allowing for tailored dosing. The recommended dosage varies depending on age, condition severity, and individual response. For adults with asthma or COPD, the initial dosage is typically 300 mg per day in divided doses, with maintenance doses adjusted based on serum levels, usually ranging from 400 mg to 600 mg per day. Pediatric and elderly patients require careful dosing to avoid toxicity.

Common side effects consist of nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, and nervousness. Serious side effects can include seizures, arrhythmias, and severe allergic reactions. Theophylline SR has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning there’s a fine line between an effective dose & a toxic dose. Thus, regular monitoring of blood levels is crucial. This medication interacts with numerous drugs, including certain antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and beta-blockers, which can alter its effectiveness or increase side effects. It is also important to consider lifestyle factors like smoking and diet, as these can impact theophylline levels in the body.

Theophylline SR should be stored at an average room temperature, protected from moisture & light, and kept out of reach of children. If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, but skip it if it’s almost time for the next dose to avoid doubling up. An overdose of Theophylline SR requires immediate medical attention due to the risk of severe complications.

What Are the Uses of Theophylline SR?

Theophylline SR (sustained-release) is primarily used to manage respiratory conditions such as:

• Chronic Asthma
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Bronchitis
• Emphysema

What Are the Forms & Strengths of Theophylline SR?

Theophylline SR (sustained-release) is available in the following forms and strengths:

• Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 450 mg, and 600 mg
• Capsules: 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, and 400 mg

What Are the Recommended Dosage of Theophylline SR?

The recommended dosage of Theophylline SR can vary depending on the patient’s condition, age, and other factors. Here are the general guidelines:

• Adults (Asthma/COPD)

• • Initial Dosage: 300 mg per day in divided doses.
  • Maintenance Dosage: Adjust based on serum theophylline levels, typically 400-600 mg daily.
  • Maximum Dosage: Should not exceed 900 mg per day.
• Pediatric Patients (Asthma)
  • Initial Dosage: divided doses of 10-13 mg/kg daily.
  • Maintenance Dosage: Adjust based on serum levels, typically 16-20 mg/kg daily.
• Elderly or Patients with Liver Disease
  • Initial Dosage: 100-200 mg per day in divided doses.
  • Maintenance Dosage: Adjust based on serum levels, typically lower than the standard adult dosage, to avoid toxicity.

[Note: Remember, these recommendations may vary from person to person. Discuss it with your doctor, and they’ll change the dosage accordingly.]

How to Use Theophylline SR? 

• Take as Prescribed: Follow your doctor’s instructions regarding dosage and timing.
• Swallow Whole: Avoid crushing, chewing, or breaking the tablet; swallow it with a full glass of water.
• With or Without Food: Theophylline SR can be taken with or without food, but try to be consistent in how you take it.
• Avoid Missed Doses: Take it simultaneously daily to maintain consistent blood levels.
• Monitor for Side Effects: Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider.

[Note: Your doctor will choose the appropriate amount for you based on your health condition, following guidelines & studies on the drug. They’ll adjust it as needed over time.]

How Does Theophylline SR Work?

Theophylline SR (Sustained Release) relaxes the smooth muscles in the lungs and airways, making breathing more accessible for individuals with respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It inhibits the enzyme phosphodiesterase, increasing the cell’s cyclic AMP levels, which results in bronchodilation, reduced airway inflammation, and improved airflow. Additionally, Theophylline SR has mild anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, further supporting respiratory function.

Important Safety Information for Using Theophylline SR

What Are the Side Effects of Theophylline SR?

Common Side Effects of Theophylline SR

Here are the common side effects of Theophylline SR:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach/abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Headache
• Insomnia or sleep disturbances
• Nervousness or anxiety
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Tremors (especially in the hands)
• Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
• Palpitations
• Dizziness
• Muscle twitching
• Increased urination

Serious side effects of Theophylline SR

Theophylline SR can cause serious side effects. The following list does not include all potential severe side effects. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience serious side effects while taking Theophylline SR. If the side effects seem life-threatening or you believe you’re experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number right away. Serious side effects of Theophylline SR may include:

• Seizures
• Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
• Severe nausea or vomiting
• Severe headache
• Confusion or changes in behavior
• Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
• Severe allergic reactions, for example, rash, itching, or swelling
• High blood sugar (hyperglycemia)

[Note: Remember, this list does not cover all possible side effects of Theophylline SR. Always talk to your healthcare professional for medical advice about side effects.]

Are There Any Warnings for Theophylline SR? 

There are several important warnings associated with the use of Theophylline SR. Here are key warnings to be aware of:

• Narrow therapeutic index: Theophylline has a narrow range between therapeutic and toxic doses
• Risk of toxicity: Overdose can lead to severe, potentially life-threatening complications
• Drug interactions: Many medications can alter theophylline levels, increasing risk of toxicity or reducing efficacy
• Monitoring required: Regular blood level monitoring is often necessary to ensure proper dosing
• Cardiovascular effects: Can cause arrhythmias and exacerbate existing heart conditions
• Seizure risk: May lower seizure threshold, especially in patients with a history of seizures
• Use in specific populations: Requires careful dosing in elderly, children, and patients with liver or heart disease
• Smoking: Cigarette smoking can increase theophylline clearance, requiring dose adjustments
• Dietary considerations: Caffeine intake and high-protein diets can affect theophylline levels
• Withdrawal: Abrupt discontinuation may lead to worsening of the underlying respiratory condition

What Are the Theophylline SR Precautions?

Theophylline SR requires several precautions due to its narrow therapeutic index and potential for interactions. Here are vital precautions to consider:

• Careful dosing: Individualize dosage based on patient-specific factors
• Regular monitoring: Periodic measurement of serum theophylline concentrations
• Liver function: Use caution in patients with hepatic impairment
• Cardiac conditions: Monitor closely in patients with heart disease or arrhythmias
• Seizure disorders: Use with extreme caution in patients with a history of seizures
• Peptic ulcer: Caution in patients with active or history of peptic ulcer
• Thyroid disorders: Altered metabolism in hyper- or hypothyroidism may affect dosing
• Smoking status: Adjust dose for smokers and those who quit smoking
• Fever: May increase theophylline levels, requiring dose adjustment
• Elderly patients: Lower doses may be needed due to decreased clearance
• Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Use only if benefits outweigh potential risks
• Drug interactions: Be aware of medications that can alter theophylline levels
• Dietary factors: Consider the effects of high-protein diets and caffeine intake
• Formulation changes: Do not switch between different theophylline products without dose adjustment.

What Are the Contraindications of Theophylline SR?

Here are the main contraindications of Theophylline SR:

• Hypersensitivity to theophylline or any component of the formulation
• Active peptic ulcer disease
• Seizure disorders (uncontrolled)
• Acute myocardial infarction
• Severe cardiac arrhythmias
• Severe hepatic impairment
• Porphyria
• Use in neonates (some formulations)
• Concurrent use of ephedrine in children

What If You Missed a Dose of Theophylline SR?

If you miss a dose of Theophylline SR, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose of Theophylline and proceed with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take two doses of Theophylline at once to make up for a missed dose, as this could increase the risk of side effects, including toxicity. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them if you have any concerns about missed doses.

[Note: If you have missed a dosage of your medication and are not sure regarding the next one, immediately reach out to your doctor or pharmacist.]

What Happens If You Take Too Much of Theophylline SR?

Taking too much Theophylline SR can lead to serious side effects, including symptoms of toxicity. These may include severe nausea, vomiting, restlessness, insomnia, rapid or irregular heartbeat, seizures, or confusion. In extreme cases, an overdose of Theophylline can lead to life-threatening conditions such as arrhythmias or seizures. If you suspect you have taken an overdose of Theophylline SR, seek immediate medical attention or contact emergency services. Prompt treatment is essential to manage and mitigate the adverse effects of the overdose.

[Note: If you have consumed more than the recommended dose of Theophylline SR, seek medical help as soon as possible or call the Poison Helpline at 1-800-222-1222.]

How to Store a Theophylline SR?

• Store between 68°F and 77°F.
• Store in a dry place away from moisture and humidity.
• Keep the medication in its original, tightly sealed container, away from direct light.
• Store this medication in a safe place to avoid accidental ingestion.

[Note: Discuss with your healthcare professional regarding the proper disposal of unused medication and any questions you may have concerning its storage.]

What Medications Interact with Theophylline SR?

Theophylline SR can interact with several medications. Here’s a list of some meaningful drug interactions:

• Allopurinol (increases theophylline levels)
• Cimetidine (increases theophylline levels)
• Ciprofloxacin (increases theophylline levels)
• Erythromycin (increases theophylline levels)
• Fluvoxamine (increases theophylline levels)
• Phenytoin (decreases theophylline levels)
• Rifampin (decreases theophylline levels)
• Carbamazepine (decreases theophylline levels)
• Beta-blockers like Propranolol (may reduce bronchodilator effect)
• Oral contraceptives (may increase theophylline levels)
• St. John’s Wort (may decrease theophylline levels)
• Caffeine (may increase side effects)
• Benzodiazepines like Diazepam (theophylline may reduce sedative effects)
• Lithium (theophylline may increase lithium excretion)
• Adenosine (theophylline may antagonize effects)
• Pancuronium (theophylline may reduce neuromuscular blocking effects)

What Are the Other Theophylline SR Interactions?

In addition to the drug interactions, Theophylline SR can also interact with other substances and conditions, including:

• Caffeine: This medication can increase the risk of side effects like jitteriness and insomnia.
• Alcohol: It may alter theophylline’s metabolism, affecting its levels in the blood.
• Smoking (Tobacco or Marijuana): Can decrease the effectiveness of theophylline by speeding up its breakdown in the liver.
• High-Fat Meals: Theophylline SR can affect absorption, leading to drug level changes.
• Thyroid Disease: Hypothyroidism can decrease clearance, while hyperthyroidism can increase it.

[Note: This is not a complete list of Theophylline SR drug interactions. Make sure to tell your medical professional about any prescription, over-the-counter medicines, or herbal products you’re taking.]

What Are the Theophylline SR Alternatives?

• Singulair (montelukast)
• Accolate (zafirlukast)
• Flovent (fluticasone)
• Pulmicort (budesonide)
• Qvar (beclomethasone)
• Alvesco (ciclesonide)
• Serevent (salmeterol)
• Foradil (formoterol)
• Spiriva (tiotropium)
• Atrovent (ipratropium)
• Proventil, Ventolin (albuterol)
• Xopenex (levalbuterol)
• Daliresp (roflumilast)
• Xolair (omalizumab)
• Advair (fluticasone/salmeterol)
• Symbicort (budesonide/formoterol)
• Dulera (mometasone/formoterol)

[Note: Your doctor will choose the most suitable Theophylline SR. Avoid using any of these alternative medications without medical supervision. Taking them on your own may cause serious side effects.]

Theophylline SR Cost & Coupons

Theophylline SR is an effective treatment for certain respiratory conditions, but its retail prices in the US can burden some patients. Those in the US might consider purchasing Theophylline SR from Canadian pharmacies for more affordable options. Polar Bear Meds is a reputable provider known for competitive pricing. By using the coupon code “WELCOMEPB10” at checkout, customers can avail up to a discount of 10% on their first order. Additionally, their referral program offers further savings, including a free coupon for future purchases. Secure your supply of Theophylline SR from Canada and enjoy significant cost savings.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why take theophylline at night?

Taking theophylline at night can benefit patients with nocturnal asthma, as it helps alleviate nighttime asthma symptoms, allowing for better sleep. Although theophylline might cause sleep disturbances in individuals not accustomed to the drug, for those suffering from nighttime asthma, the benefits of symptom relief often outweigh the potential for sleep disruption. Therefore, taking it at night can improve sleep quality due to better asthma control.

Is theophylline taken daily?

Yes, theophylline is typically taken daily. The starting dose is usually 12 to 14 mg per kg of body weight per day, either as a single dose in the morning or divided into two doses daily. Your doctor may adjust the dosage based on your needs, but it generally does not exceed 20 mg per kg of body weight per day or a maximum of 600 mg per day.

What is the mechanism of action and mechanism of toxicity of theophylline?

Theophylline’s therapeutic effects and toxicity primarily stem from its catecholamine enhancer and adenosine antagonist actions. By blocking adenosine receptors, theophylline can reduce histamine release, which helps to alleviate bronchospasm in conditions like asthma. However, this same adenosine antagonism and catecholamine excess can lead to toxic effects, such as overstimulation of the central nervous system and cardiovascular issues.

Is theophylline good for a cough?

Yes, theophylline can effectively treat a cough, especially in conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Beyond its bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects, studies suggest that theophylline also acts as an antitussive, meaning it can help suppress coughing.

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