Yaz

Yaz is a widely used oral contraceptive prescribed for adult and certain adolescent females. It comprises drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol and comes in a 28-day pack with both active and inactive tablets. Yaz effectively prevents pregnancy, treats moderate acne in females aged 14 and older, and alleviates symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It requires daily administration, ideally at the same time each day, to maintain consistent drug levels. Patients are advised to consult their healthcare provider to customize the dosage and discuss any potential side effects or interactions with other medications.

Yaz, containing the active ingredients drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol, is a combination oral contraceptive used by adult and eligible adolescent females. The medication comes in a pack of 28 tablets, including 24 pink active tablets and 4 white inactive tablets, designed for a regulated intake over four weeks. The primary function of Yaz is to prevent pregnancy through the inhibition of ovulation—the release of an egg from the ovaries. It also modifies the uterine lining and cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg and for an egg to attach to the uterus.

Beyond birth control, Yaz is approved for treating moderate acne in females at least 14 years old and managing symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which include severe mood swings, bloating, and irritability. The dosage for all indications is typically one tablet daily, following the sequence provided in the pack. It is crucial to take Yaz at the same hour each day to maintain its effectiveness and hormonal balance. Starting Yaz requires a brief period (about 7 days) before it reaches its full preventive capacity, during which alternative contraception methods should be considered.

Patients should discuss their complete health history with their healthcare provider before starting Yaz due to potential side effects and interactions with other medications. Common side effects include nausea, headaches, and mood changes, but more serious health risks like blood clots or cardiovascular issues could occur, especially in smokers over 35. A detailed consultation with a healthcare provider is necessary to ensure Yaz is appropriate, considering all personal health factors and current medications. This personalized approach helps mitigate risks and ensures the effective and safe use of Yaz as a contraceptive and therapeutic agent.

Yaz is a medication prescribed for women and certain girls to:

• Prevent pregnancy.
• Treat moderate acne in girls who are 14 years old and above.
• Manage symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome that affects mood and physical health.

What Are the Forms & Strengths of Yaz?

Yaz is available as an oral tablet and is packaged in a 28-day supply. The package includes:

• 24 pink tablets, each containing 3 milligrams (mg) of drospirenone and 0.02 mg of ethinyl estradiol. These are the active tablets.
• 4 white tablets that do not contain any active ingredients. These are essentially placebo tablets included to help maintain a regular dosing schedule.

What Are the Recommended Dosage of Yaz?

Acne Treatment

• Amount: Take one tablet daily.
• Instructions: Follow the sequence indicated on the package.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

• Amount: Take one tablet daily.
• Instructions: Follow the sequence indicated on the package.

Preventing Pregnancy

• Amount: Take one tablet daily.
• Instructions: Follow the sequence indicated on the package.

Dosage for Children (Under 18 Years)

• Amount: The dosage for children is the same as for adults, which is one tablet daily.
• Instructions: Follow the sequence indicated on the package.

[Note: Remember, these recommendations may vary from person to person. Discuss it with your doctor, and they’ll customize your dosage accordingly.]

• Long-term Use: If Yaz is effective and safe for you, as assessed by your doctor, you may use it over an extended period.
• Dosage Instructions: Follow the specific instructions provided by your doctor for taking Yaz.
• How to Take Yaz: Yaz comes in the form of an oral tablet. You should swallow the tablet, which can be taken with or without food.
• Timing Your Dose:
  • There is no specific time that is best for taking Yaz, but it’s important to take it at the same time each day. This consistency helps maintain an effective level of the medication in your body.
  • To avoid missing doses, consider using a medication reminder, such as setting an alarm, using a timer, or downloading a reminder app on your smartphone.
• Label and Container Accessibility: If you find the prescription label difficult to read, consult with your doctor or pharmacist. Many pharmacies provide labels in large print, braille, or with a scannable code that converts text to speech. If these options are unavailable at your local pharmacy, your healthcare provider may direct you to a pharmacy that offers them.
• Taking Yaz with Food: You may take Yaz either with or without food.
• Can Yaz be Modified?
  • Yaz tablets are generally intended to be swallowed whole. No official guidance on crushing, splitting, or chewing the tablets exists.
  • Discuss alternatives or swallowing techniques with your doctor or pharmacist if swallowing the tablet whole is challenging. They might suggest different methods or different forms of treatment.

[Note: Your doctor will decide the right amount for you based on your condition, following guidelines and studies on the drug. They’ll adjust it as needed over time.]

Yaz helps prevent pregnancy by stopping the release of an egg during your menstrual cycle. It alters the normal hormone patterns in your cycle. The hormone shifts in the latter part of your menstrual cycle can contribute to the emotional and physical symptoms associated with PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder). Yaz is believed to help manage PMDD symptoms by adjusting hormone levels throughout the cycle. These hormonal changes are also thought to be responsible for acne. Yaz addresses acne by modifying certain hormone levels in your body.

It generally takes about 7 days of taking Yaz daily before it becomes effective at preventing pregnancy. During this period, your doctor might suggest using an additional form of birth control, like condoms, if you are sexually active. For PMDD and acne, Yaz may require a few weeks or even months to reduce symptoms. Regardless of your reason for using Yaz, it’s important to take it simultaneously every day to maintain its effectiveness.

Common Side Effects of Yaz: Yaz may lead to various side effects, with some occurring more frequently than others. These side effects are usually temporary and might last from a few days to a few weeks. However, if the side effects persist beyond this period, become bothersome, or intensify, consult your doctor or pharmacist. Common Yaz side effects may include:

• headache
• nausea
• mood changes
• breast tenderness
• menstrual irregularities

Mild Side Effects of Yaz: The following list does not cover all potential mild side effects of the medication. These effects are typically temporary, lasting from a few days to weeks. However, if they persist longer, become bothersome, or worsen, you should discuss them with your doctor or pharmacist. Some of the mild side effects reported with Yaz, especially when used for preventing pregnancy and treating acne, include:

• Mood changes
• Headache
• Breast tenderness
• Mild allergic reaction
• Vomiting
• Menstrual irregularities
• Nausea

Mild side effects of Yaz when taken to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder may include:

• Weight gain
• Fatigue
• Breast tenderness
• Blotchy areas on the skin, especially on the face
• Headache
• Irritability
• Menstrual irregularities
• Low libido (sex drive)
• Mild allergic reaction
• Nausea
• Mood changes
• Discomfort while wearing contact lenses

Serious Side Effects of Yaz: Yaz can lead to serious side effects. If you experience side effects that appear life-threatening or if you believe you are facing a medical emergency, immediately call 911 or your local emergency services. Some of the serious Yaz side effects may include:

• Mood changes or depression. Signs may include:
  • Loss of interest in your typical activities
  • Fatigue
  • Overwhelming sadness or despair
  • Changes in sleep or appetite
  • Difficulty concentrating
• Increased risk of cardiovascular events due to cigarette smoking.
• Migraine headaches. Signs may include:
  • Pain on one side of your head
  • Sensitivity to light or sound
  • Nausea and vomiting
• Severe allergic reaction
• High potassium level in the blood (Hyperkalemia). Signs may include:
  • Chest pain
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Muscle pain or cramps
  • Heart palpitations
  • Weakness or fatigue
• Lipid disorders
• Gallbladder disease. Signs may include:
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal or back pain
  • Fever
  • Nausea
• High blood pressure.

[Note: Remember, this list may not cover all possible side effects. Always consult with your healthcare giver for medical advice about side effects.]

FDA Boxed Warning: Cigarette Smoking And Serious Cardiovascular Events: Yaz comes with a serious warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), known as a boxed warning. The main concern is the interaction between cigarette smoking and serious cardiovascular events. When you smoke cigarettes while taking combination oral contraceptives like Yaz, your risk of experiencing severe cardiovascular issues increases. Such events can include blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes.

This risk grows with age and is particularly significant for individuals over 35 years old. It also escalates with the number of cigarettes you smoke. Therefore, doctors generally advise against prescribing Yaz to smokers over 35 years old. If you fall into this category, your doctor will likely suggest alternative birth control methods.

Before taking Yaz, discuss your medical history with your doctor. This medication may not be suitable for you if you have specific health conditions or factors affecting your health. These are known as drug-condition or drug-factor interactions. Here are some conditions and factors to consider:

• Risk of Blood Clots: If you have a history of blood clots or conditions that increase your risk, Yaz might not be suitable for you. Risk factors include:
  • Being over 35 and smoking
  • Previous heart attacks or strokes
  • Conditions that affect blood clotting
  • Heart problems like atrial fibrillation
  • Unmanaged high blood pressure
  • Recent or upcoming surgery that reduces mobility
  • Having given birth within the last 4 weeks and not breastfeeding
• Breast Cancer: Do not use Yaz if you have or had breast cancer or any cancer influenced by hormones. These cancers may grow faster under hormone influence. Discuss non-hormonal birth control alternatives with your doctor.
• High Blood Pressure: Yaz could worsen high blood pressure. It also increases the risk of serious heart issues. Your doctor might need to monitor your condition more closely or suggest a different contraceptive.
• Lipid Disorders: Yaz may raise fat levels in your blood. If you have high cholesterol, this could make it worse and increase your heart risk. Your doctor might advise a different contraceptive method.
• Liver, Kidney, or Adrenal Gland Issues: Yaz can cause high potassium levels. If you have existing organ issues, this side effect could be risky. Regular monitoring of potassium levels may be needed, or an alternative contraceptive might be recommended.
• Gallbladder Disease: Yaz may increase your risk of gallbladder disease. If you have a history of gallbladder issues, discuss whether Yaz is appropriate with your doctor.
• Migraines: If you experience certain types of migraines, or if you are over 35 with any migraines, Yaz might not be for you. Talk to your doctor about other birth control methods.
• Depression: Yaz can affect your mood and worsen depression. If you’re dealing with depression, consider discussing alternative birth control methods with your doctor.
• Chloasma Gravidarum: This condition causes dark skin patches during pregnancy. If you’ve had chloasma, avoid sunlight and UV exposure while using Yaz. Discuss any concerns with your doctor.
• Hereditary Angioedema: If you have this genetic condition causing swelling and fluid retention, Yaz can make it worse. Discuss safer contraceptive options with your doctor.
• Allergic Reactions: Avoid Yaz if you’ve had allergies to it or its components. Ask your doctor for alternative medications.
• Pregnancy: Yaz is used to prevent pregnancy and should not be used during pregnancy. If you suspect you are pregnant, contact your doctor immediately.
• Breastfeeding: Yaz is not recommended during breastfeeding as it can decrease milk production. Discuss other birth control options with your doctor if you are breastfeeding.

Always take Yaz tablets as directed on the packaging.

• The steps you should take if you miss a dose of Yaz depend on when you miss it during your 4-week cycle. Not taking Yaz as scheduled can reduce its effectiveness, which might lead to pregnancy if you are sexually active. If you miss a period after skipping doses, consider taking a pregnancy test and consult your doctor.
• If you experience severe diarrhea or vomiting, the effectiveness of Yaz can also decrease. If you vomit within 4 hours of taking a dose, treat it as a missed dose and follow the instructions provided, or get advice from your healthcare provider.
• To ensure you don’t forget to take your pill, consider using a medication reminder. This could be an alarm, a note in a visible place like your bathroom mirror or bedside table, or a reminder app on your phone.

[Note: If you have missed a dose of your medication and are unsure about when to take the next one, immediately consult your doctor or pharmacist.]

It’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions and not take more Yaz than prescribed. Taking too much can lead to side effects such as nausea or unusual menstrual bleeding. If you believe you have taken more Yaz than you should have, contact your doctor right away.

[Note: If you consumed more than the recommended dose, get medical help immediately or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.]

• Keep Yaz at room temperature, ideally at 77°F (25°C).
• You can store it between 59°F and 86°F (15°C to 30°C) for short periods, which is useful during travel.
• Do not store the medication in areas prone to moisture, like bathrooms, to prevent damage.

[Note: Discuss with your healthcare professional about the proper disposal of any unused medicine and any questions you may have regarding its storage.]

Yaz can interact with a variety of other medications, and these interactions can have different impacts. Some interactions may affect the effectiveness of Yaz or other drugs you are taking. Discuss all your current medications with your healthcare provider to ensure that Yaz is safe to use

Yaz and other medications

Before starting Yaz, discuss all medications you’re taking with your doctor and pharmacist. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements to prevent potential interactions.

• Medications That May Reduce Yaz’s Effectiveness: Certain medications can decrease the effectiveness of Yaz and cause breakthrough bleeding. If you take any of the following, your doctor might recommend a backup contraception method like condoms:
  • Barbiturates (such as, butalbital)
  • Antimicrobial Drugs (such as, griseofulvin – Gris-PEG, rifampin – Rimactane)
  • Seizure Medications (such as, carbamazepine – Tegretol, felbamate – Felbatol, oxcarbazepine – Trileptal, phenytoin – Dilantin, topiramate – Topamax)
• Medications That May Increase Yaz Levels: Some drugs can increase the concentration of Yaz in your body, which could raise the risk of side effects:
  • Pain Relievers (such as acetaminophen – Tylenol)
  • Cholesterol Medications (such as atorvastatin – Lipitor)
  • Certain Antibiotics (such as clarithromycin, erythromycin – Ery-Tab)
  • Azole Antifungals (such as, fluconazole – Diflucan, itraconazole – Sporanox, ketoconazole)
  • Heart Medications (such as diltiazem – Cardizem)
• Medications That May Increase Potassium Levels: Yaz can increase potassium in your blood. Be cautious when using it with other medications that also raise potassium levels:
  • Blood Pressure Medications (such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors like lisinopril and angiotensin II receptor blockers like valsartan – Diovan)
  • Diuretics (such as, triamterene – Dyrenium)
  • Potassium Supplements (such as potassium chloride – Klor-Con)
  • Blood Thinners (such as heparin)
  • Aldosterone Antagonists (such as, spironolactone – Aldactone)
  • NSAIDs (such as, ibuprofen – Advil, Motrin)
• Other Notable Drug Interactions:
  • Thyroid Medications (such as levothyroxine – Synthroid): Yaz may make these less effective. Dosage adjustments might be necessary.
  • Lamotrigine (Lamictal), a medication for seizures: Yaz can reduce its effectiveness, possibly requiring a dosage adjustment.

What Are the Other Yaz Interactions?

Yaz can interact with certain dietary supplements and foods. It’s important to inform your doctor about all the vitamins, herbs, and supplements you are taking.

• Yaz and Food Interactions: Grapefruit and grapefruit juice can affect how Yaz works, potentially increasing the likelihood and intensity of side effects. If you’re unsure about the compatibility of Yaz with certain foods, it’s best to consult your doctor.
• Yaz and Herbal Supplements:
  • St. John’s Wort: This herb can reduce the effectiveness of Yaz, and you might need to use additional contraception, such as condoms if you are taking it.
  • Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): High doses of vitamin C might increase the concentration of Yaz in your bloodstream, elevating the risk of side effects.
• Alcohol Consumption: There are no known direct interactions between Yaz and alcohol. However, if you have concerns about drinking alcohol while taking Yaz, it’s a good idea to discuss them with your healthcare provider.
• Yaz and Laboratory Tests: Taking Yaz may affect the results of certain laboratory tests. These tests include measurements of:
  • Lipids: This refers to fats in your blood, such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
  • Binding Proteins: These proteins help transport various substances through your blood.
  • Coagulation Factors: These are involved in blood clotting.
  • Glucose Tolerance: This measures how well your body processes sugar.

[Note: This isn’t a complete list, and there could be other drugs that interact with Yaz. Make sure to tell your doctor about any prescription, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal products you’re taking.]

There are various alternatives to Yaz that might suit your needs better. If you’re considering a different option, it’s important to consult with your doctor. They can provide information on other medications that could be effective for you.

Alternatives for Acne

Here are some drugs available for managing acne:

• Onexton (benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin)
• Retin-A, Atralin (tretinoin)
• Solodyn (minocycline)
• Finacea (azelaic acid)
• Differin (adapalene)
• Ziana (clindamycin/tretinoin)
• Amnesteem, Claravis (isotretinoin)
• Oracea (doxycycline)

Alternatives for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

If you are seeking treatment options for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), here are some examples:

• Prozac (fluoxetine)
• Zoloft (sertraline)
• Beyaz (drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate calcium)
• Brisdelle, Paxil CR (paroxetine)

Alternatives for Helping to Prevent Pregnancy

There are several other contraceptive methods you can consider. Here are some:

• NuvaRing (etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring)
• Paragard (intrauterine copper contraceptive)
• Yasmin (drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol)
• Slynd (drospirenone)
• Nexplanon (etonogrestrel implant)
• Beyaz (drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate calcium)
• Previfem, Sprintec, Tri-Lo-Linyah (norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol)
• Loryna, Nikki (drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol)
• Xulane (norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol)
• Alyacen, Balziva, Kaitlib Fe, Nortrel (norethindrone/ethinyl estradiol)
• Seasonique, Altavera, Lessina (levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol)
• Mirena (levonorgestrel intrauterine system)

[Note: Your doctor will choose what’s best for you. Don’t use any of these alternative medications without consulting your healthcare provider. Taking them by yourself may cause serious side effects.]

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