Darunavir

Darunavir

Darunavir is an FDA-approved prescription medication used to treat HIV infection. It works by decreasing the amount of HIV in the bloodstream. It is usually not used as a standalone medication but used as a combination therapy along with ritonavir or cobicistat to enhance its effectiveness. It is available in the form of oral tablets and oral suspension in different strengths. It is suitable for use in adults and children more than three years. For safe and efficient use of the medication, consult your doctor or healthcare provider. You can buy Darunavir online to treat HIV from the convenience of your home. 

Product Overview

Darunavir is an active ingredient used in the treatment of HIV. It reduces the amount of HIV in the blood, helping to control the infection and prevent complications. Often used with ritonavir or cobicistat, Darunavir is available in oral tablets (75 mg, 150 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg) and oral suspension (100 mg/ml). It is typically taken with food once or twice daily, as your healthcare provider directs. 

Suitable for adults and pediatric patients over three years of age, dosages are tailored to body weight and treatment history. Common side effects of Darunavir may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, headache, rash, and fatigue. Serious side effects, though rare, may require immediate medical attention. Caution is advised for patients with hepatic impairment, the elderly, or those with a known sulfonamide allergy. Darunavir is not recommended for children under three years of age.

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next dose. In case of Darunavir overdose, seek immediate medical assistance. Store Darunavir in its original container at room temperature, away from light, moisture, and heat. For safe disposal of unused medication, consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them with any concerns or questions.

What Are the Uses of Darunavir?

It is used to treat and:

• Decrease the amount of HIV in the blood. 

What Are the Forms & Strengths of Darunavir?

It comes in the following forms and strengths:

Form: Oral tablet 

Strength: 75 mg, 150 mg, 600 mg & 800 mg 

Form: Oral suspension 

Strength: 100 mg/ml 

What Are the Recommended Dosage of Darunavir?

For HIV Patients Already Receiving HIV Treatment 

For Patients Without Substitution Linked with Darunavir Resistance

• Adults: 800 mg or 8 ml once daily with 100 mg or 1.25 ml of ritonavir. 
• Children aged 3-17 and weighing 15 kg or more: The dosage is based on body weight and should be determined by your doctor. 
  • Weighing 40 kg or more- 800 mg or 8 ml with 100 mg or 1.25 ml of ritonavir once daily 
  • Weighing 30 kg-40 kg- 675 or 6.8 ml with 100 ml or 1.25 ml of ritonavir once daily
  • Weighing 15 kg or less than 30 kg- 600 mg or 6 ml with 100 mg or 1.25 ml of ritonavir once daily
• Children aged 3-17 and weighing 10 kg-15 kg: The medication dosage depends on body weight & should be determined by your doctor. 
  • Weighing 14 kg-15 kg: 490 mg or 5 ml with 96 mg or 1.2 ml of ritonavir once daily 
  • Weighing 12 kg-13 kg: 420 mg or 4.2 ml with 80 mg or 1 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
  • Weighing 11 kg-12 kg: 385 mg or 4 ml with 64 mg or 0.8 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
  • Weighing 10 kg-11 kg: 350 mg or 3.6 ml with 64 mg or 0.8 ml of ritonavir once daily. 

•  Children less than three years of age: Use is not recommended. 

For Individuals Who Have at Least One Substitution Linked to Darunavir Resistance

• Adults: 600 mg or 6 ml twice daily with 100 mg or 1.25 ml of ritonavir
• Pregnant people: 600 mg taken with 100 mg of ritonavir twice daily. 
• Children aged 3-17 and weighing 15 kg or more: Your doctor should determine the dosage based on your body weight. 
  • Weighing 40 kg or more: 600 mg or 6 ml with 100 mg or 1.25 ml of ritonavir twice daily. 
  • Weighing 30 kg-40 kg: 450 mg or 4.6 ml with 60 mg or 0.75 ml of ritonavir twice daily. 
  • Weighing 15 kg-30 kg: 375 kg or 3.8 ml with 48 mg or 0.6 ml of ritonavir twice daily. 
• Children aged 3-17 and weighing 10 kg-15 kg: Dosage is based on your body weight and should be determined by your doctor. 
• Weighing 14 kg-15 kg: 280 mg or 2.8 ml with 48 mg or 0.6 ml of ritonavir twice daily. 
• Weighing 13 kg-14 kg: 260 mg or 2.6 ml with 40 mg or 0.5 mg of ritonavir twice daily. 
• Weighing 12 kg-13 kg: 240 mg or 2.4 ml with 40 mg or 0.5 ml of ritonavir twice daily. 
• Weighing 11 kg-12 kg: 220 mg or 2.2 ml with 32 mg or 0.4 ml of ritonavir twice daily. 
• Weighing 10 kg-11 kg: 200 mg or 2 ml with 32 mg or 0.4 ml of ritonavir twice daily. 
• Children less than three years of age: Use is not recommended. 

For HIV Infection When Patient Never Had HIV Treatment 

• Adults: 800 mg or 8 ml of Darunavir once daily with 100 mg of ritonavir. 
• Children aged 3-17 years and weighing 15 kg or more: The medication dosage is based on body weight & should be determined by your doctor. 
  • Weighing 40 kg or more: 800 mg or 8 ml with 100 mg or 1.25 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
  • Weighing 30 kg-40 kg: 675 mg or 6.8 ml with 100 mg or 1.25 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
  • Weighing 15 kg-30 kg: 600 mg or 6 ml with 100 mg or 1.25 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
• Children aged 13-17 years of age and weighing 10-15 kg: The medication dosage is based on body weight & should be determined by your doctor. 
  • Weighing 14 kg-15 kg: 490 mg or 5 ml with 96 mg or 1.2 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
  • Weighing 13 kg-14 kg: 455 mg or 4.6 ml with 80 mg or 1 ml of ritonavir once daily.    
  • Weighing 12-13 kg: 420 mg or 4.2 ml with 80 mg or 1 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
  • Weighing 11 kg-12 kg: 385 kg or 3.6 ml with 64 mg or 0.8 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
  • Weighing 10 kg-11 kg: 350 mg or 3.6 ml with 64 or 0.8 ml of ritonavir once daily. 
• Children less than three years of age: Use is not recommended. 

[Note: Remember, these recommendations may vary from person to person. Discuss it with your doctor, and they’ll customize your dosage accordingly.]

How to Use Darunavir? 

• This medication is used in combination with pharmacokinetic boosters such as ritonavir or cobicistat and other medications to treat HIV in adults and pediatric patients more than three years of age.  

• It comes in the form of an oral tablet and suspension to be taken by mouth. 
• It is typically taken with food and with ritonavir once or two times daily or with food and with cobicistat once daily. 
• To get the most benefit from your medication, take it at the same time(s) daily and try to maintain consistency in dosage. 
• Before starting to take this medication, and each time you get a refill, carefully read and follow the instructions for use given in the patient information leaflet provided by your pharmacist. If you have any queries or concerns regarding medication use or if you do not understand any part of the patient information leaflet, you can consult your healthcare provider or doctor. 
• Take this medication exactly as directed by your physician. Do not take more or less of it, in large quantities or more frequently, as it can lead to unwanted side effects. 
• Do not take this medication without cobicistat or ritonavir. 
• Do not crush, break, or chew the Darunavir tablet, try to swallow it whole. 
• If you are using Darunavir in an oral suspension form, you should shake the suspension properly before using it to mix the solution evenly. 
• To withdraw the right amount of suspension from the bottle, you should use the oral dosing syringe that came along with your prescription medication. If you don’t have the syringe, use a dosage measuring spoon or consult your doctor to withdraw the prescribed dose. 
• You can swallow the oral suspension straight from the syringe. 
• After each use, wash the syringe with water and allow it to dry thoroughly. 
• This medication controls HIV but does not cure it. It also does not treat HIV alone and should always be given with a complete regimen. 
• It is essential to take all of the medicines prescribed by your doctor to treat HIV infection together. This ensures that the medications will work together efficiently to control the infection. 
• Continue taking this medication even if you feel well. Do not stop taking this medication abruptly without first consulting your doctor, as if you skip doses or discontinue taking Darunavir without consulting your doctor, your condition may become worse to treat. 
• Speak with your pharmacist or medical provider if you are running low on prescriptions. 
• Do not share your medications with others, even if they have the same symptoms as you. 
• Tell your doctor if your condition does not get better or worsen.

[Note: Your doctor will decide the right amount for you based on your condition, following guidelines and studies on the drug. They’ll adjust it as needed over time.]

How Does Darunavir Work? 

Darunavir is part of combination antiretroviral therapy. To enhance its effectiveness, it is often co-administered with low doses of ritonavir or cobicistat. Darunavir prevents the HIV protease enzyme from functioning. This enzyme is essential for the virus’s development and replication. By blocking HIV protease, Darunavir prevents the cleavage of viral polyproteins into functional proteins. As a result, new viral particles cannot form effectively. Reduced viral replication leads to a decrease in the viral load in the bloodstream, critical for maintaining immune function and preventing disease progression.

Important Safety Information for Using Darunavir

What Are the Side Effects of Darunavir?

Some people may experience certain side effects while using Darunavir. It is important to mention that not everyone using this medication will experience these side effects, and most of these side effects are not serious and do not require medical attention. They disappear within a few days or weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Some of the common side effects caused by Darunavir are as follows:

Common Side Effects of Darunavir: 

• Diarrhea 
• Nausea
• Vomiting 
• Stomach pain 
• Headache 
• Rash 
• Fatigue 
• Changes in the location/ shape of body fat 

Mild Side Effects of Darunavir: Some side effects caused by Darunavir are mild. They are not serious and do not usually require medical attention. If they become bothersome or if they persist, contact your doctor. 

• Muscle pain or weakness
• Mild skin rash 
• Joint pain 
• Dry mouth 
• Flatulence 
• Loss of appetite
• Insomnia
• Dizziness
• Flu-like symptoms 

Serious Side Effects of Darunavir: In rare cases, this medication may cause severe side effects in some people. They require immediate medical attention and can become life-threatening if they are not treated properly. While using this medication, if you experience any of the symptoms given below, you should immediately contact your doctor. 

• Serious skin reactions, like toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or drug rash with eosinophilia & systemic symptoms
• Liver problems 
• Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Its symptoms may include rash, trouble breathing, dizziness, itching, and swelling in hands, ankles, legs, face, and mouth. 
• Pancreatitis 
• Hyperglycemia
• Prolonged QT
• Increased bleeding in patients with hemophilia
• Kidney problems 
• Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
• Rhabdomyolysis or severe muscle pain or weakness 
• Osteoporosis
• Increased risk of infections 
• Depression, mood changes, suicidal behaviors or thoughts 

[Note: This list may not cover all possible side effects. Always consult with your healthcare giver for medical advice about side effects.]

Are There Any Warnings for Darunavir?

• This medication should be used cautiously in patients with hepatic impairment. It is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment. 
• Elderly patients should be carefully monitored while using this medication as they are at an increased risk of side effects. 
• This medication contains sulfa moiety. Patients with a sulfonamide allergy should be closely monitored for signs & symptoms of an allergic reaction. 
• Use Darunavir with caution in patients with an increased risk of pancreatitis, a history of pancreatitis, or advanced HIV disease. 
• Patients receiving treatment with this medication may experience changes in body fat distribution, including central obesity, buffalo hump, peripheral wasting, facial wasting, and breast enlargement. However, the exact mechanism and long-term consequences of these events remain unknown, and a definitive causal relationship has not been established.  
• There have been reports of increased bleeding, including hemarthrosis and hematomas, in patients with hemophilia type A and B treated with this medication. 
• This medication is not recommended for use in children less than three years of age. 
• Patients with a history of liver dysfunction, such as chronic active hepatitis B or C, are at a more significant risk for liver function abnormalities, including serious hepatic adverse events while using this medication. 
• Immediately discontinue the use of this medication if you notice symptoms and signs of a severe side effect, and contact your doctor. 

What Are the FDA Boxed Warning for Darunavir?

A boxed warning for Darunavir has been issued by the FDA due to two main reasons: 

• Severe Skin Reactions: Darunavir can cause severe and potentially life-threatening skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).
• Hepatotoxicity: There is a risk of drug-induced hepatitis and liver injury, which can be severe and potentially fatal in some cases.

What Are the Darunavir Precautions?

• Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have had an allergic reaction to Darunavir, sulfa medications, or any other medication in the past. Also, tell them if you are allergic to any of the ingredients present in the product. Request your pharmacist or healthcare provider for the complete list of ingredients present in this medication. 
• Before taking this medication, tell your doctor about all the medications you are currently taking or plan to take while using it. This includes all prescription medications, non-prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and vitamins and herbal supplements. This information will help them determine potential drug interactions and further prevent or treat them. 
• If you are taking didanosine, take it one hour before or two hours after you take this medication. 
• Before taking this medication, share your complete medical history with your doctor, especially if you have or have ever had diabetes, hemophilia, hepatitis, pneumonia, cirrhosis, any other liver disease, mycobacterium avium complex disease, or tuberculosis. 
• Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, suspect a pregnancy, or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. Do not breastfeed if you are infected with HIV infection or are taking this medication. 
• Darunavir may decrease the effectiveness of birth control pills, injections, or implants. Talk to your doctor about effective contraception methods, such as a barrier method. Consult your doctor to know which form of birth control will work best for you. 
• While you are using this medication, you may experience hyperglycemia, even if you do not have diabetes. If high blood sugar is not treated properly, it can further lead to a serious condition called ketoacidosis and can be life-threatening. Symptoms of ketoacidosis may include nausea/vomiting, shortness of breath, dry mouth, decreased consciousness, and breath that smells fruity.  
• While taking this medication, your immune system may become stronger and begin to fight infections that are already present in your body. This may lead to the symptoms of those infections to come back. If you have any new or worsening symptoms while using this medication, immediately tell your doctor. 

What Are the Contraindications of Darunavir? 

Darunavir is contraindicated for use in:

• Hypersensitivity to this medication or any of the ingredients present in Darunavir. 
• Severe hepatic impairment
• Sulfa allergy

What If You Missed a Dose of Darunavir?

• If you have missed a dose of Darunavir, you should take it as soon as you remember. 
• However, if it is almost time to take your next dose, you may omit the missed dose and continue taking your medication according to your regular dosing schedule. 

[Note: If you have missed a medication dose and are unsure when to take the next one, immediately consult your doctor or pharmacist.]

What Happens If You Take Too Much of Darunavir?

If you suspect an overdose, you should seek immediate medical assistance. If someone has taken Darunavir more than recommended and is having severe side effects such as seizure, trouble breathing, and passing out, immediately call 911 or the poison control helpline. You can also head to the nearest emergency room. 

[Note: If you consumed more than the recommended dose, get medical help immediately or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.]

How to Store a Darunavir?

• Keep Darunavir in its original container at a controlled room temperature away from direct light, moisture, and excess heat. 
• Do not keep it in the bathroom, near the sink, or in places with high humidity. 
• Keep all medications, including Darunavir, in a safe place, away from the sight and reach of children. 
• Do not keep medications that are outdated or no longer needed. Discard them safely. 
• You should dispose of unwanted medications in such a way that prevents children, animals, and others from consuming them. 
• Consult your pharmacist, healthcare provider, or local waste disposal company to learn more about the proper ways to eliminate unwanted medications. 

[Note: Discuss with your healthcare professional about the proper disposal of any unused medicine and any questions you may have regarding its storage.]

What Medications Interact with Darunavir?

Certain medications may interact with Darunavir and affect how it may work. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor about all the medications you are currently taking or plan to take, including all prescription medications, non-prescription, over-the-counter drugs, vitamin and herbal supplements. The following list does not include all drugs that may interact with Darunavir, and there may be some other drugs that can cause interaction. 

• Alfuzosin
• Aprepitant
• Carbamazepine
• Cobimetinib
• Conivaptan
• Dihydroergotamine Intranasal
• Dronedarone
• Elbasvir/Grazoprevir
• Eliglustat
• Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF
• Ergoloid Mesylates
• Ergonovine
• Finerenone
• Flibanserin
• Fosaprepitant
• Gepirone
• Irinotecan
• Irinotecan Liposomal
• Isavuconazonium Sulfate
• Ivabradine
• Lomitapide
• Lonafarnib
• Lovastatin
• Lurasidone
• Mavacamten
• Methylergonovine
• Naloxegol
• Pacritinib
• Phenobarbital
• Phenytoin
• Pimozide
• Ranolazine
• Regorafenib
• Rifampin
• Salmeterol
• Simvastatin
• St John’s Wort
• Triazolam
• Venetoclax
• Voclosporin

What Are the Other Darunavir Interactions?

Besides medications, Darunavir may interact with certain food items, beverages, herbs, and supplements. Always consult with a medical provider or pharmacist before starting any new supplements or making important changes to your diet while on Darunavir. 

• Grapefruit 
• Grapefruit juice 
• Alcohol 
• St. John’s Wort 
• Echinacea
• High doses of vitamin E supplements 

[Note: This isn’t a complete list, and there could be other drugs that interact with Darunavir. Tell your doctor about any prescription, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal products.]

What Are the Darunavir Alternatives?

People look for alternative medicines to Darunavir when it does not suit them or they do not get the desired results from this medication. There are many effective substitutes for Darunavir available in the market. Some of the Darunavir alternatives are given below. However, you should consult with a licensed healthcare provider before changing your existing prescription or starting a new one. They will help you determine which medication will work best for your condition. 

• Ritonavir (norvir)
• Reyataz (atazanavir)
• Fuzeon (enfuvirtide)
• Lexiva (fosamprenavir)
• Tipranavir
• Zidovudine 

[Note: Your doctor will choose what’s best for you. Don’t use any of these alternative medications without consulting your healthcare provider. Taking them by yourself may cause serious side effects.]

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can Darunavir Cause Drug Interactions?

Yes, Darunavir can interact with several medications, including blood thinners, anticonvulsants, and other antiretroviral drugs. It’s essential to inform your doctor or medical provider of all medications you are taking to avoid interactions.

What Are the Long-Term Effects of Taking Darunavir?

Long-term use of Darunavir can lead to liver problems, changes in body fat distribution, and increased cholesterol levels. Regular monitoring by your medical provider is crucial to manage and mitigate these effects.

How Effective Is Darunavir in Treating HIV?

Darunavir, when used in combination with other antiretrovirals, has been shown to effectively decrease viral load in HIV patients. It helps maintain immune function and prevent disease progression when taken as prescribed.

Is Darunavir Safe During Pregnancy?

Darunavir can be used during pregnancy, but the dosage may need adjustment. Pregnant patients should discuss the risks & benefits with their healthcare provider to ensure the safest treatment approach.

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